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expanded message - перевод на русский
Expanded memory; Expanded Memory
expanded message
расширенное сообщение (напр. вследствие добавления контрольной суммы) расширенное сообщение (напр. вследствие добавления контрольной суммы)
message passing
MECHANISM FOR INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION
Message passing programming; Message Passing; Message-based protocol; Message-passing; Message-based; Message (object-oriented programming); Asynchronous message passing; Synchronous message passing
общая лексика
передача сообщений, обмен сообщениями
один из двух способов организации взаимодействия между параллельными процессами (другой - shared memory)
LIM EMS
SYSTEM OF BANK SWITCHING IN DOS MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Expanded Memory Specification; Expanded Memory System; Expanded Memory; LIM EMS; EMS memory manager; EMS emulator; EEMS; Expanded storage; Expanded memory manager; Expanded Memory Manager; Lotus-Intel-Microsoft; EMMXXXX0; Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification; Enhanced EMS; EMS (memory management); EMS 3.0; EMS 3.2; EMS 4.0; Expanded Memory Specification 3.0; Expanded Memory Specification 3.2; Expanded Memory Specification 4.0; EEMS 3.2; EEMS 3.1; Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification 3.1; Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification 3.2; AQA 3.1; AST Quadram Ashton-Tate; AST/Quadram/Ashton-Tate; AST-Quadram-Ashton-Tate; LIM 3.0; LIM 3.2; LIM 4.0; LIM Expanded Memory Specification; AQA Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification; AQA Enhanced EMS; LIM EMS 3.0; LIM EMS 3.2; LIM EMS 4.0; LIMulator; EMS memory; Expanded Memory Adapter; EMMQXXX0; EMMXXXQ0; EMM$$$$$; EMS memory tiling; AST RAMpage; AST Research RAMpage; RAMpage; RAMpage!; AST Research RAMpage!; AST RAMpage!; AST RAMpage Plus; AST Research RAMpage Plus; RAMpage Plus; Quadram Quadems+; Quadems+; Limulator; AQA EEMS; IBM XMA; IBM Expanded Memory Adapter; XMA (expanded memory); Emsimulator; Kam & Associates Emsimulator; V-EMM; Fort V-EMM; Fort's V-EMM; Fort's Software V-EMM; Limsim; Larson Limsim; Larson Computing Limsim; Above Disk; Above Disc; Tele-Ware West Above Disk; Tele-Ware West Above Disc; Tele-Ware Above Disk; Tele-Ware Above Disc; Teleware Above Disk; Teleware Above Disc; EMS specification; LIM EMS specification; Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification Version 4.0; Lotus/Intel Expanded Memory Specification Version 3.0; Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification Version 3.2; Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification; EMS Memory Manager; EMM (memory management)
Определение
message passing
One of the two techniques for communicating between parallel
processes (the other being shared memory).
A common use of message passing is for communication in a
parallel computer. A process running on one processor may
send a message to a process running on the same processor or
another. The actual transmission of the message is usually
handled by the run-time support of the language in which the
processes are written, or by the operating system.
Message passing scales better than shared memory, which is
generally used in computers with relatively few processors.
This is because the total communications bandwidth usually
increases with the number of processors.
A message passing system provides primitives for sending and
receiving messages. These primitives may by either
synchronous or asynchronous or both. A synchronous send
will not complete (will not allow the sender to proceed) until
the receiving process has received the message. This allows
the sender to know whether the message was received
successfully or not (like when you speak to someone on the
telephone). An asynchronous send simply queues the message
for transmission without waiting for it to be received (like
posting a letter). A synchronous receive primitive will wait
until there is a message to read whereas an asynchronous
receive will return immediately, either with a message or to
say that no message has arrived.
Messages may be sent to a named process or to a named
mailbox which may be readable by one or many processes.
Transmission involves determining the location of the
recipient and then choosing a route to reach that location.
The message may be transmitted in one go or may be split into
packets which are transmitted independently (e.g. using
wormhole routing) and reassembled at the receiver. The
message passing system must ensure that sufficient memory is
available to buffer the message at its destination and at
intermediate nodes.
Messages may be typed or untyped at the programming language
level. They may have a priority, allowing the receiver to
read the highest priority messages first.
Some message passing computers are the {MIT J-Machine
(http://ai.mit.edu/projects/cva/cva_j_machine.html) }, the
{Illinois Concert Project
(http://www-csag.cs.uiuc.edu/projects/concert.html) } and
transputer-based systems.
Object-oriented programming uses message passing between
objects as a metaphor for procedure call.
(1994-11-11)
Википедия
Расширенная память
Расширенная память (англ. expanded memory) — аппаратно-программная система, предоставляющая доступ DOS-приложениям к памяти, недоступной через адресное пространство основной памяти. Расширенная память адресуется странично через «окно», находящееся в верхней зарезервированной области памяти (UMA). Спецификация расширенной памяти (англ. Expanded Memory Specification, EMS) была разработана в 1984 году совместно Lotus Software, Intel и Microsoft, поэтому часто встречается сокращение LIM EMS. С конца 1980-х до середины 1990-х EMS активно использовалась в играх и коммерческих приложениях, однако с приходом спецификаций дополнительной памяти (XMS) стала использоваться реже.
